Problem: Matthew records that the disciples shouldn’t acquire “a bag for your journey, or even two coats, or sandals, or a staff” (Mt. 10:9-10). Mark records, “[Jesus] instructed them that they should take nothing for their journey, except a mere staff—no bread, no bag, no money in their belt—but to wear sandals” (Mk. 6:8-9). Whereas Luke records that Jesus instructed, “Take nothing for your journey, neither a staff, nor a bag, nor bread, nor money; and do not even have two tunics apiece” (Lk. 9:3). The discrepancy can be seen in this way:
Solution: It would be odd if Jesus was telling the disciples to walk barefoot on their arduous journey through multiple cities. Therefore, we should wonder immediately if Matthew’s account is really prohibiting such a thing.
Instead, the disciples were not supposed to take anything extra. That is, they were not to take anything in addition to what they had on them. Poythress writes, “Luke 10:4 says, ‘Carry… no sandals.’ The disciples were not to have a second pair. But they could wear the ones they already had. It would be completely unrealistic to go barefoot. Jesus was addressing the fact that on a long journey sandals could wear out. The disciples might have thought that they had to make provision beforehand by buying (‘acquiring’) a second pair.”[1]
Matthew uses the Greek word ktesesthe (“acquire”), which means “to gain possession,” rather than to have possession (BDAG). Mark and Luke use the Greek word airosin (“take”), which means “to take” or “to carry.” This most likely means that the disciples were merely to take the shirts on their back. When Luke says “take nothing,” surely this doesn’t mean that the disciples should walk around naked! It means don’t take anything extra, as Matthew makes explicit.
[1] Poythress, Vern S. Inerrancy and the Gospels: A God-centered Approach to the Challenges of Harmonization. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2012. 151.
“And he called unto him the twelve, and began to send them forth by two and two; and gave them power over unclean spirits; And commanded them that they should take nothing for their journey, save a staff only; no scrip, no bread, no money in their purse: But be shod with sandals; and not put on two coats. And he said unto them, In what place soever ye enter into an house, there abide till ye depart from that place. And whosoever shall not receive you, nor hear you, when ye depart thence, shake off the dust under your feet for a testimony against them. Verily I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrha in the day of judgment, than for that city. And they went out, and preached that men should repent. And they cast out many devils, and anointed with oil many that were sick, and healed them.
